DG/T 082-2019《粪污固液分离机》推广鉴定大纲解读

推广鉴定大纲是进行农机鉴定工作时的技术要求,是推广鉴定项目实施的最主要依据。为了加大对推广鉴定大纲的宣传,便于农机生产企业、用户、管理部门和鉴定机构理解与使用,本文对DG/T 082-2019《粪污固液分离机》推广鉴定大纲中推广鉴定的产品型式、鉴定前的准备工作、鉴定内容和鉴定结论4个方面的主要内容进行了解读。     

武威市畜禽粪污土地承载潜力分析

为评估武威市畜禽养殖粪污土地承载潜力,本文按照以地定畜、种养平衡的原则,从畜禽粪污养分供给和土壤粪肥养分需求的角度出发,科学测算了武威市近三年畜禽粪污养分供给量和本区域植物粪肥养分需求量,分析武威市各县区畜禽粪污土地理论承载力和实际承载力差距,推算出潜在承载力,为政府决策、部门制定畜牧业发展规划提供依据。     

棉籽粕脱毒技术及其在畜禽生产中的应用

棉籽粕中粗蛋白的含量较高,是较好的蛋白饲料资源之一。但棉籽粕中的游离棉酚(FG)等抗营养因子限制了棉籽粕的应用,利用物理、化学、生物等脱毒方式可显著降低棉籽粕中FG含量,提高其饲用价值。文章对棉籽粕的营养特性、常用的脱毒方法及其在畜禽生产中的应用情况进行综述,以期为棉籽粕在畜禽生产中的合理利用提供参考。     

畜禽精准饲喂管理技术发展现状与展望

传统的畜禽饲喂方式易产生畜禽营养不均、饲料浪费等问题,且人工劳动强度较大、生产率有待提高。随着信息技术的进步,以节省饲料和人工成本、促进畜禽营养均衡、保障畜产品品质及安全等为显著优势的精准饲喂管理技术应运而生,并逐渐研发应用。该文阐述了畜禽精准饲喂中饲养信息获取、饲料精准配方及智能饲喂技术的发展现状并分析了当前存在的问题及未来的发展趋势。     

施用畜禽有机肥对辽河三角洲养蟹稻田水土环境的影响

经3 a的试验研究,探讨了施用畜禽有机肥对辽河三角洲养蟹稻田水土环境的影响。结果显示,畜禽有机肥可极显著地增加养蟹稻田耕层土壤的速效氮、磷、钾的供应量,显著增加有机质含量,最终显著增加水稻产量,增产的幅度可达10.6%~14.8%。畜禽有机肥可降低耕层土壤氧化还原电位(Eh),增大田面水体中BOD5、COD的含量,所以在生产应用中既要作好无害化处理、充分腐熟,还不能超量使用,否则会给河蟹带来生长迟缓、重金属含量超标和水稻病害加重及倒伏的风险。     

Questionnaire study and postmortem findings in backyard chicken flocks in Finland

Background

Although modern commercial poultry production today is based on large farms and intensive husbandry, keeping backyard poultry has regained popularity in industrialized countries. However, the health status of backyard flocks is still relatively poorly documented. A questionnaire was sent to the owners of 376 backyard poultry flocks (<500 birds) in order to study health management procedures and characterize backyard poultry populations in Finland. Information was also collected on the postmortem findings from non-commercial flocks using necropsy data from the Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira).

Results

Backyard flocks in Finland are small in size (<50 birds), comprising mainly chickens. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the health of such flocks is good, mortality low and vaccinations are not commonly used. Most of the flocks were registered in the national poultry register. The standard biosecurity practices are not generally applied and contact with wild birds, pets and farm animals is frequent, which can make the flocks more prone to infectious diseases. We conducted an 11-year retrospective study of the postmortem necropsy findings of the Evira in order to document the diseases, which caused mortality in backyard chickens in Finland. Necropsy was performed on a total of 132 non-commercial laying hens during 2000 – 2011. The most common postmortem findings were Marek’s disease (27%) and colibacillosis (17%).

Conclusions

This study is the first to report data on characteristics of and management practices for backyard chicken flocks in Finland. Close connections with commercial flocks are rare and farms are usually distantly located suggesting that the risk that these backyard flocks pose to commercial poultry is low.     

德国畜禽产业发展及屠宰管理概述

德国畜牧业发达,在保障本国,甚至欧盟的畜禽产品供应上发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了德国畜禽产业发展的基本情况,总结了德国在畜禽屠宰管理方面的基本原则和成功做法,以期对我国畜禽产业发展和屠宰管理提供参考和借鉴。     

Use of a foaming disinfectant and cleaner to reduce aerobic bacteria on poultry transport coops

Poultry transportation coops are rarely washed and have been demonstrated to be a point of cross-contamination of broiler carcasses. Foaming disinfectants and cleaners, commonly used within processing plants, may be used to clean and disinfect poultry transportation coops. In this study, homogenized fecal material was evenly applied to the floors of precleaned broiler transportation coops and allowed to dry. Treatments consisted of a water rinse, a foam additive alone, foaming cleaner, and a disinfectant plus a foam additive. All foaming treatments were applied using a compressed air foam system (2,271 L/min; 600 gal/min), similar to what firefighters would use. A high-pressure water rinse (HPWR) was added prior to or following the treatments to determine whether rinsing prior to product application or rinsing after product application would improve efficacy. Based on our data, a compressed air foam system may be used in combination with a commercially available disinfectant or foam cleaner to reduce aerobic bacteria on the surfaces of commercial broiler transportation coops. Furthermore, the addition of a HPWR did not further reduce the level of aerobic bacteria on broiler transportation coop floors.